{"id":2904,"date":"2019-11-08T07:51:55","date_gmt":"2019-11-08T07:51:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ruxandravoinea.ro\/?p=2904"},"modified":"2019-11-16T09:01:09","modified_gmt":"2019-11-16T09:01:09","slug":"fantasma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ruxandravoinea.ro\/index.php\/2019\/11\/08\/fantasma\/","title":{"rendered":"Fantasma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<<Ce este o fantasm\u0103? Termenul este ast\u0103zi utilizat \u00een mod banal \u0219i este asociat de obicei sexualit\u0103\u021bii. Expresia “a-\u015fi realiza fantasmele” este evocat\u0103 uneori ca un ideal de \u00eemplinire erotic\u0103. Fantasma este deci situat\u0103 \u00een mod clar de partea pl\u0103cerii, mai precis, a dorin\u021bei sexuale. Ceea ce este pus la \u00eendoial\u0103, este realizarea acestei dorin\u021be sexuale, precum \u0219i obstacolele care i se opun<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Lua\u021bi-v\u0103 dorin\u021bele drept realit\u0103\u021bi”: este, de asemenea, ceea ce promovau sloganurile revolu\u021biei sexuale. Fantasme \u0219i dorin\u021be, str\u00e2ns legate, se delimiteaz\u0103 deci de realitate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utilizarea curent\u0103 pune astfel \u00een lumin\u0103 dou\u0103 elemente ale defini\u021biei esen\u021biale ale fantasmei: leg\u0103turile sale str\u00e2nse cu sexualitatea \u0219i opozi\u021bia sa fa\u021b\u0103 de realitate, \u00een principal fa\u021b\u0103 de cea social\u0103 \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de constr\u00e2ngerile ei<\/strong>. Aceste dou\u0103 l\u0103muriri complementare decurg direct din opera lui S. Freud, iar banalizarea lor \u00een limbajul contemporan st\u0103 m\u0103rturie impactului cultural \u0219i social al psihanalizei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"iluzie<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

No\u021biunea de fantasm\u0103 este desigur anterioar\u0103 dezvolt\u0103rilor teoretice cunoscute de psihanaliz\u0103. Via\u021ba fantasmatic\u0103, a\u0219a cum au putut s\u0103 o evoce mai \u00eenainte filozofii sau poe\u021bii, trimitea mai general la ordinea imaginarului. Este evident c\u0103 pl\u0103smuirile imaginare pot fi studiate urm\u00e2nd diferite abord\u0103ri: filozofie, estetic\u0103, sociologie, psihologie etc. Dar numai abordarea psihanalitic\u0103 poate da seama de complexitatea no\u021biunii de fantasm\u0103 \u0219i de rolul pe care \u00eel cap\u0103t\u0103 activitatea fantasmatic\u0103 \u00een func\u021bionarea psihic\u0103 a fiec\u0103ruia<\/strong>.Se poate spune c\u0103 fantasma se afl\u0103 \u00een inima teoriei psihanalitice, constituind una dintre no\u021biunile sale cele mai specifice. Se cunoa\u0219te rolul major acordat de psihanaliz\u0103 sexualit\u0103\u021bii, \u00eentr-o concep\u021bie foarte extins\u0103, care o situeaz\u0103 \u00een centrul func\u021bion\u0103rii psihice. Or, fantasmele<\/strong> sunt cele care reprezint\u0103 \u0219i exprim\u0103, \u00een plan pur psihic, esen\u021bialul sexualit\u0103\u021bii umane. <\/strong>Mai mult, \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 importan\u021ba lor major\u0103 \u00een abordarea psihanalitic\u0103 a leg\u0103turii lor privilegiate cu viata psihic\u0103 incon\u0219tient\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cite\u0219te \u0219i despre Copilul la psihoterapeut<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Exact aceast\u0103 referin\u021b\u0103 la incon\u0219tient este cea care diferen\u021biaz\u0103 cel mai net concep\u021bia psihanalitic\u0103 despre fantasme de alte concep\u021bii provenite din filozofie sau din psihologia clasic\u0103. \u00cenc\u0103 de la crearea psihanalizei, fantasma incon\u0219tient\u0103 s-a revelat lui Freud ca piatr\u0103 de \u00eencercare a descoperirilor sal. Plec\u00e2nd de la primele sale ipoteze asupra etiologiei sexuale a nevrozelor, \u00een special a nevrozei isterice, a avut foarte repede intui\u021bia c\u0103 originea sexual\u0103 a acestor tulbur\u0103ri este \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 incon\u0219tient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descoperirea incon\u0219tientului este fondat\u0103 \u00een principal pe interpretarea viselor care s-a aflat \u00een centrul auto-analizei lui Freud. Visul \u0219i fantasma<\/strong> sunt inseparabile, c\u0103ci \u021bin ambele de un acela\u0219i proces care const\u0103 \u00een a exprima, \u00eentr-o form\u0103 con\u0219tient\u0103 mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin deghizat\u0103, o dorin\u021b\u0103 incon\u0219tient\u0103 refulat\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fantasm\u0103<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pentru Freud, reveriile noastre diurne, ca \u0219i visele nocturne, sunt “realiz\u0103ri ale dorin\u021bei”. Vom sublinia totu\u0219i ceea ce le diferen\u021biaz\u0103: \u00een timp ce visul se prezint\u0103 celui care doarme \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 halucinatorie care \u00eei ofer\u0103 o eviden\u021b\u0103 comparabil\u0103 cu cea a unei percep\u021bii reale, fantasma din reveria diurn\u0103 (fantasma con\u0219tient\u0103) este recunoscut\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een decalajul s\u0103u fa\u021b\u0103 de realitatea actual\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freud a men\u021bionat c\u0103 asemenea reverii, frecvente \u00een special la adolescen\u021b\u0103, reprezint\u0103 cel mai adesea o anticipare a realiz\u0103rii dorin\u021belor erotice sau ambi\u021bioase. Dac\u0103 ne referim la experien\u021ba pe care fiecare o poate avea \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te acest fel de reverii con\u0219tiente, putem u\u0219or constata c\u0103 ele pun mereu \u00een scen\u0103 persoane. Acestea din urm\u0103, c\u0103rora se adreseaz\u0103 dorin\u021bele noastre secrete, sunt astfel presupuse a fi susceptibile a le r\u0103spunde \u0219i a le satisface. Chiar aceste reverii pot implica \u00een mod egal ter\u021bi care ar putea constitui un obstacol \u00een calea realiz\u0103rii acestor dorin\u021be, mai ales c\u00e2nd sunt puse \u00een joc interdic\u021bii sociale sau pur \u0219i simplu probleme de autoritate \u0219i de rivalitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cite\u0219te \u0219i despre Adolescen\u021ba, o enigm\u0103? I<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 a spune c\u0103 fantasmele angajeaz\u0103, \u00een aceast\u0103 punere \u00een scen\u0103 mental\u0103 a realiz\u0103rii dorin\u021bei, unul sau mai mul\u021bi protagoni\u0219ti, un “altul” (sau “al\u021bii”). \u00cen limbajul psihanalizei, aceste persoane sunt denumite \u00een general “obiecte”. Aceast\u0103 terminologie, care poate surprinde sau poate p\u0103rea contestabil\u0103 din prespectiva limbajului curent, reia de fapt un sens foarte vechi al cuv\u00e2ntului: obiect al dorin\u021bei, obiect al iubirii etc. Termenul de obiect se opune aici celui de subiect, desemn\u00e2nd ceea ce este \u00een afara subiectului, distinct de el, situat \u00een fa\u021ba lui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"vis<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Concep\u021bia freudian\u0103 asupra sexualit\u0103\u021bii se sprijin\u0103 \u00een principal pe ipoteza “pulsiunilor” sexuale \u00eenn\u0103scute, active \u00eenc\u0103 de la na\u0219tere \u0219i pe parcursul \u00eentregii copil\u0103rii. Cum ajung aceste pulsiuni s\u0103 se ata\u0219eze acestor obiecte? Aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare a ocupat mereu un loc central \u00een opera lui Freud, de\u0219i i-a oferit r\u0103spunsuri incomplete \u0219i uneori contradictorii. Unii dintre discipolii s\u0103i au atribuit cu timpul o importan\u021b\u0103 cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 “rela\u021bie de obiect”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fantasmele, ele \u00eensele produse \u0219i animate de pulsiunile pe care le exprim\u0103, constituie reprezent\u0103rile susceptibile a relega aceste pulsiuni de obiectele lor, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t acestea din urm\u0103 sunt \u00een mod necesar implicate \u00een realizarea celor mai multe din dorin\u021bele noastre.>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliografie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fantasmele, Michele Perron-Borelli, 2005, Editura Funda\u021bia Genera\u021bia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruxandra Voinea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Telefon: 0724551022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Email: voinea_ruxandra_cristina@yahoo.com <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

valorificarepersonala@gmail.com <\/a>
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<<Ce este o fantasm\u0103? Termenul este ast\u0103zi utilizat \u00een mod banal \u0219i este asociat de obicei sexualit\u0103\u021bii. Expresia “a-\u015fi realiza fantasmele” este evocat\u0103 uneori ca un ideal de \u00eemplinire erotic\u0103. Fantasma este deci situat\u0103 \u00een mod clar de partea pl\u0103cerii, mai precis, a dorin\u021bei sexuale. Ceea ce este pus la \u00eendoial\u0103, este realizarea acestei dorin\u021be sexuale, precum \u0219i obstacolele care i se opun. “Lua\u021bi-v\u0103 dorin\u021bele drept realit\u0103\u021bi”: este, de asemenea, ceea ce promovau sloganurile revolu\u021biei…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nFantasma - ruxandravoinea Fantasm\u0103, realitate, vis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce este o fantasm\u0103? 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